Northern Lights Iceland: A Guide to Experiencing the Aurora Borealis

Iceland is one of the best places in the world to witness the Northern Lights, also known as the Aurora Borealis. This natural phenomenon, where vibrant colors dance across the night sky, draws visitors from all over the globe. The Northern Lights appear as swirling bands of green, pink, and purple lights, and Iceland’s remote locations, minimal light pollution, and proximity to the Arctic Circle make it an ideal destination to see them.

In this guide, we’ll cover the best times and places to see the Northern Lights in Iceland, tour options, tips for photography, and insights into the science behind the phenomenon. Whether you’re planning a dedicated Northern Lights trip or hoping to catch a glimpse during your travels, this guide will help you make the most of your experience.

What Are the Northern Lights?

The Northern Lights, or Aurora Borealis, are caused by particles from the sun colliding with the Earth's atmosphere. These collisions create energy that is released in the form of light, producing colors ranging from green and purple to pink and blue. The Aurora Borealis is most commonly seen near the magnetic poles, making Iceland a prime location for sightings. The lights are most visible during the winter months, when the nights are long, and the skies are dark and clear.

Best Time to See the Northern Lights in Iceland

The Northern Lights season in Iceland generally runs from late September to early April, although sightings are possible outside this window. The darkest winter months – October through March – offer the best conditions, as the extended nights increase the chances of seeing the aurora. Here’s a breakdown of what to expect by season:

• September to November: These months offer early views as darkness returns to Iceland after summer. The weather is often milder, making outdoor activities more comfortable.
• December to February: Peak season for Northern Lights. Despite colder temperatures, the long nights and typically clear skies increase the chances of sightings.
• March to April: This late-season period sees the return of slightly longer daylight hours, but the Northern Lights can still be spectacular.

For optimal viewing, check the aurora forecast daily to increase your chances of seeing the lights.

Top Locations to View the Northern Lights in Iceland

Iceland offers countless stunning viewing spots. Here are a few of the best locations to catch the Northern Lights:

• Thingvellir National Park: Located within the Golden Circle, Thingvellir is famous for its geological formations and minimal light pollution, making it a popular Northern Lights destination.
• Jökulsárlón Glacier Lagoon: This glacial lagoon in southern Iceland is one of the most picturesque places to view the aurora, with the icebergs reflecting the lights in mesmerizing patterns.
• Vik: The small town of Vik on the south coast has wide beaches and unobstructed views of the sky, making it a great spot for watching the Northern Lights.
• Reykjavik and Nearby Areas: While Reykjavik’s light pollution can hinder visibility, nearby areas such as Grótta Lighthouse are often good alternatives for those staying in the city.

Choosing a Northern Lights Tour

Iceland offers a range of Northern Lights tours for all preferences and budgets. Guided tours provide experienced guides, access to remote locations, and helpful tips for maximizing the experience. Here are a few popular types:

• Bus Tours: Ideal for larger groups, bus tours are an economical option. These tours typically leave from Reykjavik and travel to locations known for high aurora activity.
• Super Jeep Tours: For a more intimate experience, consider a Super Jeep tour. These vehicles can travel off-road to secluded areas, allowing for closer, less crowded encounters with the aurora.
• Northern Lights Cruises: Boat tours departing from Reykjavik or other coastal towns allow you to watch the aurora from the water, creating unique photo opportunities with the reflections over the ocean.
• Private and Photography Tours: If photography is a priority, specialized tours offer expert guides who provide advice on capturing the best shots of the aurora.

Book tours well in advance, especially during peak season, to ensure availability.

How to Photograph the Northern Lights

Capturing the Northern Lights on camera requires specific techniques to enhance your chances of taking memorable photos. Here are some photography tips:

• Use a DSLR or Mirrorless Camera: These cameras allow for manual settings that are essential for photographing the aurora.
• Set a Low ISO and Use a Tripod: A lower ISO (around 800-1600) helps reduce graininess. A tripod is necessary for stability, as long exposure times are typically required.
• Adjust Exposure and Aperture: Use a wide aperture (f/2.8 or lower) to capture as much light as possible. Experiment with exposure times between 10 to 30 seconds.
• Avoid Light Pollution: The clearer and darker the sky, the better the photo. Even slight light pollution can interfere, so choose remote locations.

Many Northern Lights tours also include photography tips, so taking a tour can be helpful if photography is a primary goal.

Preparing for a Northern Lights Adventure in Iceland

Seeing the Northern Lights requires some preparation, as Iceland’s winter can be cold and unpredictable. Here are some essentials to bring:

• Warm Clothing: Layers are crucial, including thermal clothing, gloves, a hat, and a warm jacket. Iceland’s winter nights can be extremely cold, especially in remote areas.
• Sturdy Footwear: Waterproof boots with good insulation are essential, as you may be standing in snow or icy areas for long periods.
• Snacks and Hot Drinks: Pack a thermos with a warm drink and bring snacks, as some tours can last several hours and often take place in remote areas.
• Patience: The aurora can be elusive, requiring time and patience. Some tours offer a free second trip if the lights are not visible.

Understanding the Science Behind the Northern Lights

The Northern Lights are a result of charged solar particles colliding with gases in Earth’s atmosphere. These collisions release energy in the form of light, producing the dazzling colors we see. Here’s a simplified explanation:

• Solar Wind and Magnetic Field: Particles from the sun are carried toward Earth on the solar wind. When these particles encounter Earth’s magnetic field, they are drawn toward the poles, where they collide with atmospheric gases.
• Colors of the Aurora: Different gases emit different colors when energized. Oxygen typically produces green or red, while nitrogen results in purple or blue. The intensity and variety of colors depend on factors such as solar activity and altitude.

The lights are most intense during periods of high solar activity, which occurs in cycles, making certain years better for aurora viewing.

Alternative Activities if the Northern Lights Don’t Appear

While the Northern Lights are a top attraction, weather conditions or low solar activity can sometimes prevent sightings. Iceland offers plenty of alternative winter activities to make the most of your trip, including:

• Glacier Tours: Explore Iceland’s glaciers on hiking or snowmobile tours.
• Ice Caving: Visit the famous blue ice caves in Vatnajökull National Park.
• Hot Springs: Relax in natural hot springs or visit geothermal spas like the Blue Lagoon.
• Sightseeing in Reykjavik: Iceland’s capital offers vibrant culture, unique cuisine, and historical sites to explore during the day.