Lake Myvatn, located in northern Iceland, is one of the country's most stunning and unique natural wonders. Known for its geothermal activity, rich wildlife, and surreal landscapes, Myvatn has become a must-visit destination for nature lovers, photographers, and travelers seeking to experience Iceland's raw beauty. The region surrounding the lake offers a fascinating blend of volcanic formations, steaming geothermal areas, and serene, tranquil waters that attract both visitors and wildlife, particularly birdwatchers.
In this guide, we will delve into the wonders of Myvatn, its geological significance, wildlife, nearby attractions, and practical tips for exploring this remarkable destination.
Myvatn, which translates to "Midge Lake" in Icelandic, is the fourth-largest lake in the country, covering an area of about 37 square kilometers (14 square miles). It was formed around 2,300 years ago during a massive volcanic eruption that reshaped the landscape. The region is still geologically active, with volcanic eruptions occurring as recently as the 18th century. The lake and its surroundings are part of the larger Myvatn-Laxá nature conservation area, which was established to protect the unique landscape and ecosystems found here.
One of the most striking features of Myvatn is its numerous pseudocraters, which resemble volcanic craters but were formed when hot lava flowed over wetlands, causing steam explosions. These craters dot the landscape around the lake, creating an otherworldly, lunar-like scene. The pseudocraters of Skútustaðagígar, located on the southern shore of the lake, are among the most famous and offer easy access for visitors to explore.
The Myvatn area is part of the larger Krafla volcanic system, which is known for its geothermal activity. This is evident in the nearby Hverir geothermal area, where visitors can witness steaming fumaroles, bubbling mud pools, and sulfur deposits in a stark, Martian-like environment. The strong smell of sulfur hangs in the air, and the ground is constantly alive with geothermal energy, making it one of the most fascinating geothermal sites in Iceland.
Another highlight is the Krafla Caldera, which has erupted multiple times over the past few centuries, with the most recent eruptions occurring between 1975 and 1984. Visitors can hike around the caldera and see the vibrant blue-green waters of the Víti Crater, which was formed during an eruption in 1724. The name "Víti" means "hell" in Icelandic, reflecting the dramatic and fiery origins of the crater.
No visit to Myvatn is complete without a relaxing soak in the Myvatn Nature Baths (Jarðböðin). Often referred to as the "Blue Lagoon of the North," these geothermal baths offer a tranquil and less crowded alternative to the famous Blue Lagoon near Reykjavik. The warm, mineral-rich waters of the baths are sourced from the same geothermal system that powers the nearby Krafla geothermal plant.
The baths provide stunning views of the surrounding landscape, including the lake and distant volcanic formations. The water temperature ranges between 36 and 40 degrees Celsius (97-104°F), making it the perfect place to unwind after a day of exploring. The Myvatn Nature Baths are open year-round, and soaking in the warm waters while watching the Northern Lights dance above is an unforgettable experience.
Myvatn is renowned for its rich birdlife, particularly its population of waterfowl. The lake is a haven for birdwatchers, as it is home to more species of ducks than any other place in Europe. Some of the species that can be spotted around the lake include the tufted duck, the red-breasted merganser, and the common scoter. The area is also a breeding ground for many migratory birds, which flock to Myvatn during the summer months.
The presence of midges (small flying insects) around the lake, while sometimes bothersome to visitors, plays a crucial role in supporting the ecosystem. These insects provide a vital food source for the fish and birds that thrive in the area. Myvatn is also home to Arctic char, a species of freshwater fish that is popular with anglers.
Dimmuborgir, which translates to "Dark Castles" or "Dark Fortress," is one of the most famous and visually striking lava formations in Iceland. Located just east of Lake Myvatn, Dimmuborgir is a vast field of bizarre lava structures, caves, and towering rock formations that resemble the ruins of an ancient castle. These formations were created during a volcanic eruption around 2,300 years ago, when molten lava flowed over wetlands, causing the ground to collapse and creating these dramatic shapes.
According to Icelandic folklore, Dimmuborgir is home to the Yule Lads, mischievous trolls who visit children during the Christmas season. The eerie and fantastical landscape of Dimmuborgir has made it a popular filming location, and it has even appeared in the hit TV series "Game of Thrones."
Visitors can explore the area via several walking trails that wind through the lava formations. The trails range from short, easy walks to longer hikes, allowing visitors to fully immerse themselves in the mysterious beauty of Dimmuborgir.
Grjótagjá is a small lava cave located near Myvatn that contains a geothermal hot spring. The cave gained international fame after being featured in "Game of Thrones," and its crystal-clear blue waters make it a popular spot for visitors. However, due to fluctuating water temperatures, bathing in the spring is not recommended, as the water can become dangerously hot.
Despite this, Grjótagjá remains a fascinating place to visit, with its dark, atmospheric interior and the warm glow of the water creating a magical setting. The cave was once a popular bathing spot for locals, but volcanic activity in the 1970s caused the water temperature to rise, making it unsafe for swimming.
The Myvatn region offers a wide range of activities and attractions for visitors to enjoy. In addition to the natural wonders mentioned above, the area is ideal for hiking, cycling, and horseback riding. There are several well-marked trails that take visitors through the diverse landscapes of the region, from lush wetlands to barren volcanic craters.
Winter is a particularly special time to visit Myvatn, as the Northern Lights are often visible in the clear night skies. The lack of light pollution in the region makes it an excellent spot for aurora hunting. Winter also offers the opportunity for snowmobiling, ice fishing, and cross-country skiing.
The best time to visit Myvatn depends on what you want to experience. Summer (June to August) offers mild weather, long daylight hours, and excellent birdwatching. Winter (November to March) is ideal for seeing the Northern Lights and enjoying winter activities like snowmobiling and ice fishing.
Yes, the Myvatn Nature Baths are a popular spot for swimming in geothermal waters. The mineral-rich baths are heated naturally by geothermal energy, offering temperatures between 36°C and 40°C (97°F to 104°F), making them ideal for relaxation in any season.
Absolutely! Myvatn is a haven for birdwatchers, especially during the summer months. The lake is home to a wide variety of waterfowl, including species like the tufted duck, harlequin duck, and Barrow’s goldeneye. It’s considered one of the best places in Europe for birdwatching.
Myvatn is about 480 kilometers (300 miles) from Reykjavik, a drive of approximately six hours. The nearest town is Akureyri, located about an hour from Myvatn. You can either drive from Reykjavik or take a domestic flight to Akureyri and drive from there.
While the midges (small flies) around Lake Myvatn can be bothersome, especially during summer, they are a vital part of the ecosystem. Visitors are advised to bring insect repellent and wear protective clothing if they plan to spend a lot of time outdoors near the lake during midge season.
Myvatn is a truly unique destination that showcases the best of Iceland's natural beauty and geological wonders. Whether you're exploring the dramatic lava formations of Dimmuborgir, soaking in the soothing waters of the Myvatn Nature Baths, or marveling at the Northern Lights, this volcanic wonderland offers something for everyone. With its rich wildlife, fascinating geothermal activity, and stunning landscapes, Myvatn is a place that will leave a lasting impression on all who visit.
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